:root {
    --cardinal: #8C1515;
    --gold: #B3995D;
    --gray: #f4f4f4;
    --text: #2e2d29;
    --muted: #5c5c5c;
    --font-serif: 'Georgia', serif;
    --font-sans: 'Inter', sans-serif;
}

* {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    scroll-behavior: smooth
}

body {
    font-family: var(--font-sans);
    color: var(--text);
    line-height: 1.7;
    background: #fff;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
    text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
}

a {
    color: var(--cardinal);
    text-decoration: underline
}

a:hover {
    color: var(--gold)
}

/* ===== Top Navigation ===== */
.navbar {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 30;
    background: var(--cardinal);
    color: #fff;
    padding: .75rem 1rem;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr;
    align-items: center;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .06);
}

.navbar::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: -1px;
    height: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, rgba(0, 0, 0, .18), rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))
}

.brand {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    color: #fff;
    justify-self: start
}

.nav-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    justify-self: center
}

.nav-links a {
    color: #fff;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: .95rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    position: relative;
    padding-bottom: 4px
}

.nav-links a::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: -4px;
    height: 3px;
    background: var(--gold);
    transform: scaleX(0);
    transform-origin: center;
    transition: transform .25s ease
}

.nav-links a:hover::after,
.nav-links a:focus-visible::after {
    transform: scaleX(1)
}

.menu-toggle {
    display: none;
    align-items: center;
    gap: .5rem;
    background: transparent;
    border: 0;
    color: #fff;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 1rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    justify-self: end
}

.menu-icon,
.menu-icon::before,
.menu-icon::after {
    display: block;
    width: 20px;
    height: 2px;
    background: currentColor;
    border-radius: 1px;
    content: ""
}

.menu-icon {
    position: relative
}

.menu-icon::before {
    position: absolute;
    top: -6px
}

.menu-icon::after {
    position: absolute;
    top: 6px
}

.site-menu {
    display: none;
    position: absolute;
    top: 100%;
    right: 1rem;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1px solid #e6e6e6;
    border-radius: 10px;
    width: 75vw;
    max-width: 320px;
    padding: .6rem;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, .16)
}

.site-menu.open {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    animation: dropdown .25s ease
}

.site-menu a {
    color: var(--cardinal);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: .95rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: .6rem .8rem;
    border-radius: 6px
}

.site-menu a:hover {
    background: var(--gray)
}

@keyframes dropdown {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(-6px)
    }

    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0)
    }
}

/* ===== Header ===== */
.site-header {
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 1.4rem auto 1.2rem;
    padding: 0 2rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: row;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    text-align: left;
    gap: 4rem;
}

.header-photo img {
    width: 160px;
    height: 160px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    object-fit: cover;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, .1);
}

.header-text {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.4rem;
}

.site-header h1 {
    margin: .2rem 0 .2rem 0;
    font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3.2vw, 2.4rem);
    letter-spacing: .5px;
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--cardinal);
}

.tagline {
    position: relative;
    max-width: 640px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 8px 0;
    text-align: center;
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.tagline::before,
.tagline::after {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--gold);
    opacity: .95
}

.tagline::before {
    top: 0
}

.tagline::after {
    bottom: 0
}

.tagline p {
    margin: .28rem 0
}

.tagline .en {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-style: italic;
    font-weight: 400;
    letter-spacing: .6px;
    color: var(--text)
}

.tagline .cn {
    font-size: .95rem;
    font-weight: 400;
    font-style: italic;
    letter-spacing: .4px;
    color: var(--muted)
}

.tagline .quote-left,
.tagline .quote-right {
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--gold);
    vertical-align: middle;
    line-height: 1
}

.tagline .quote-left {
    margin-right: .3rem
}

.tagline .quote-right {
    margin-left: .3rem
}

/* ===== Main ===== */
main {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 2rem auto;
    padding: 0 2rem;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr;
    gap: 2rem
}

article h2,
aside h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    color: var(--cardinal)
}

article h2 {
    font-size: 1.6rem;
    margin: 1.5rem 0 1rem;
    font-style: italic;
    border-left: 5px solid var(--cardinal);
    padding-left: .7rem
}

.intro {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    text-align: justify
}

figure img {
    max-width: 70%;
    margin: 0 auto;
    display: block;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: 6px
}

figcaption {
    font-size: .85rem;
    color: var(--muted);
    margin-top: .4rem;
    text-align: center
}

.pub-list {
    margin-top: 1rem
}

.pub-item {
    margin-bottom: 1rem
}

.pub-item strong {
    color: var(--cardinal)
}

.pub-label {
    background: var(--gold);
    color: #fff;
    font-size: .75rem;
    padding: .2rem .6rem;
    border-radius: 999px;
    margin-left: .5rem
}

.pub-item a {
    display: inline-block;
    margin-top: .4rem;
    background: var(--cardinal);
    color: #fff;
    padding: .4rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 999px;
    font-size: .85rem;
    text-decoration: none
}

.pub-item a:hover {
    background: var(--gold)
}

/* ===== Talks ===== */
.carousel-wrapper {
    margin: 2rem 0
}

.carousel-container {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: 12px;
    width: clamp(280px, 70%, 560px);
    margin: 0 auto;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(0, 0, 0, .08);
    background: #fff
}

.carousel-slides {
    display: flex;
    transition: transform .5s ease-in-out
}

.carousel-slide {
    min-width: 100%;
    height: 260px;
    overflow: hidden
}

.carousel-slide img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block
}

.carousel-caption {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: .6rem;
    left: .6rem;
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, .55);
    color: #fff;
    padding: .35rem .6rem;
    border-radius: 6px;
    font-size: .85rem;
    max-width: 90%
}

.carousel-nav {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    padding: 0 .4rem
}

.carousel-nav button {
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, .6);
    border: none;
    color: #fff;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    border-radius: 50%;
    width: 34px;
    height: 34px;
    cursor: pointer
}

.carousel-dots {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: .6rem;
    right: .6rem
}

.carousel-dot {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 6px;
    height: 6px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background: #fff;
    opacity: .6;
    margin: 0 2px;
    cursor: pointer
}

.carousel-dot.active {
    opacity: 1
}

.talks-list {
    margin-top: 1.2rem
}

.talks-item {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    padding-bottom: .8rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid #eee
}

.talks-item strong {
    display: block;
    font-family: var(--font-serif);
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--cardinal);
    margin-bottom: .3rem
}

.talks-item p {
    font-size: .9rem;
    color: var(--muted);
    letter-spacing: .3px
}

/* ===== Aside ===== */
aside h3 {
    margin-top: 1rem;
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    font-style: italic
}

.research-tags {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: .6rem;
    margin-bottom: .8rem
}

.tag {
    position: relative;
    padding: .35rem .8rem .35rem 1.2rem;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--cardinal);
    color: var(--cardinal);
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-size: .9rem;
    background: #fff;
    line-height: 1.3;
    transition: all .2s ease
}

.tag::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: 6px;
    top: 50%;
    width: 6px;
    height: 6px;
    background: #fff;
    border: 1.5px solid var(--cardinal);
    border-radius: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%)
}

.tag:hover {
    background: var(--cardinal);
    color: #fff
}

.tag:hover::before {
    border-color: #fff
}

.research-photo {
    margin-top: .6rem
}

.research-photo img {
    width: min(80%, 420px);
    display: block;
    border-radius: 8px
}

/* News */
.accordion {
    margin-top: 1rem
}

.accordion-item {
    margin-bottom: .8rem;
    border: 1px solid #ddd;
    border-radius: 4px;
    overflow: hidden
}

.accordion-header {
    width: 100%;
    text-align: left;
    background: var(--cardinal);
    color: #fff;
    padding: .6rem 1rem;
    border: none;
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: bold;
    cursor: pointer;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center
}

.accordion-header .arrow {
    transition: transform .3s ease
}

.accordion-item.active .accordion-header .arrow {
    transform: rotate(90deg)
}

.accordion-content {
    display: none;
    background: var(--gray);
    padding: .8rem 1rem
}

.accordion-content .news-item {
    background: #fff;
    margin-bottom: .5rem;
    padding: .6rem .8rem;
    border-left: 4px solid var(--cardinal);
    border-radius: 4px
}

.accordion-content .news-item h4 {
    color: var(--cardinal);
    margin: .2rem 0;
    font-size: 1rem
}

.accordion-content .news-item p {
    color: var(--muted);
    font-size: .9rem
}

.accordion-content .news-item img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
    border-radius: 6px;
    margin: .2rem 0;
}

.accordion-item.active .accordion-content {
    display: block
}

/* Education */
.education-timeline {
    position: relative;
    margin: 1.5rem 0;
    padding-left: 1.5rem;
    border-left: 3px solid var(--cardinal)
}

.education-item {
    position: relative;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    padding-left: 1rem
}

.education-item::before {
    content: "";
    position: absolute;
    left: -1.15rem;
    top: .4rem;
    width: 12px;
    height: 12px;
    background: var(--cardinal);
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 2px solid #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 2px var(--cardinal)
}

.education-item h4 {
    margin: 0 0 .2rem;
    color: var(--cardinal);
    font-size: 1.05rem
}

.education-item .year {
    font-size: .9rem;
    color: var(--muted);
    margin-bottom: .3rem;
    display: block
}

.education-item p {
    color: var(--muted)
}

/* Academic Services */
.service-quote {
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--muted);
    margin-top: .4rem;
    font-size: .9rem
}

ul li {
    color: var(--text);
    margin-bottom: .4rem
}

/* Contact */
#contact ul li {
    margin-bottom: .4rem;
    color: var(--text)
}

#contact a {
    color: var(--cardinal);
    font-weight: 500
}

/* Footer */
footer {
    background: var(--cardinal);
    color: #fff;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 2rem 1rem;
    margin-top: 3rem
}

.footer-top {
    margin-bottom: 1rem
}

.footer-top a {
    color: var(--gold);
    margin: 0 .5rem;
    text-decoration: none
}

.footer-top a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline
}

.footer-bottom {
    font-size: .8rem;
    color: #ddd
}

/* ===== Responsive ===== */
@media (max-width:900px) {
    main {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr
    }

    figure img {
        max-width: 100%
    }

    .carousel-container {
        width: 100%
    }

    .carousel-slide {
        height: 220px
    }

    .nav-links {
        display: none
    }

    .menu-toggle {
        display: flex
    }

    .navbar {
        grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto
    }

    .site-header {
        flex-direction: column;
        text-align: center;
        justify-content: center;
        gap: 1rem
    }

    .header-photo img {
        width: 80px;
        height: 80px
    }

    .tagline {
        max-width: 520px
    }

    .research-photo img {
        margin: 0 auto
    }
}

@media (max-width:480px) {
    .carousel-slide {
        height: 200px
    }

    .carousel-nav button {
        width: 30px;
        height: 30px;
        font-size: 1rem
    }
}